Photographic camera with coupled exposure meter



PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA WITH COUPLED EXPOSURE METER Filed Dec. 24, 1962 Ffa/YZ WP. Sia/" BY WZ/m14 A. Marc/1 United States Patent O 6 claims. (ci. 95-10) This invention relates to photographic cameras having means to control the operation of both the shutter speed and the diaphragm aperture either manually or from an exposure meter built into the camera. More particularly the invention relates to a photographic camera provided with improved means connecting the shutter speed control to the exposure meter in order that photographs may be taken with manual control of the shutter speed and automatic operation of the diaphragm under the control of the exposure meter.

In operating a camera three parameters must be controlled in order to produce a satisfactory photograph. One is the `duration of exposure, which is governed by the shutter speed control. The second is the amount of light striking the film, which is determined by the aperture size of the diaphragm. The third parameter is the sensitivity of the film, which is dependent upon the nature of the film emulsion and which determines the total quantity of light that must strike the iilm in order to create a desired latent image thereon. These parameters are not independent of each other but rather are interrelated. For example, it is possible to obtain a good photograph either by an exposure of long duration through a small aperture or by an exposure of short duration through a large aperture. Furthermore, when using smaller apertures and shorter times better photographs may be obtained with film of greater sensitivity than with less sensitive or socalled slower lm.

The interrelation of these factors has been taken into account heretofore -in cameras having built-in exposure meters and automatic linkages for controlling both the shutter speed and the diaphragm aperture. In essence the linkage connecting the shutter speed control mechanism to the exposure meter is at least partly separate from the linkage connecting the `diaphragm aperture control to the exposure meter. However, as both linkages are necessarily operated simultaneously, a built-in program is provided in which a predetermined shutter speed is set and a predetermined aperture for the diaphragm is selected when a certain amount of light strikes the exposure meter. As a result a functional relationshipappears to be established between each shutter speed in the permissible range of shutter speeds and a corresponding aperture size in the permissible range thereof.

Heretofore, the aforesaid program has been rendered modifiable to accommodate different iilm speeds. Also the linkages may be disconnected in order that the photographs may select the shutter speed and the diaphragm aperture independently of any inliuence by the exposure meter.

However, in certain instances it is desirable to manually select a shutter speed (for example a very fast shutter speed) while nevertheless retaining automatic control of the diaphragm aperture size and automatic compensation for iilm of different sensitivity. Attempts, heretofore made, to achieve this degree of liexibility of operation have involved moving the measuring mechanism of the exposure meter by means of a gear drive in response to the setting selected for the exposure duration. The use of a gear drive permits only a uniform change in the positionof the measuring mechanism. This restricts the relaice tive arrangement of the exposure time range and of the position, frequently called the program, or P, position, to which the time control must be set for completely automatic operation of the camera as well as the extent and development of the exposure time range.

Therefore, a principal object of the present invention is to provide a camera which is more exible in its modes of operation than heretofore known cameras, viz., one which can be operated completely automatically, partially automatically, or completely manually.

A further object of the present invention is to provide in a camera suitable for operation in a multiplicity of modes, simple, inexpensive and yet flexible means for adjusting the operation to the different modes and particularly to a mode in which the shutter speed, or duration of exposure, is manually controlled while t-he diaphragm aperture size is automatically controlled.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a camera with the aforesaid complete flexibility of operation but using only two simple and relatively inexpensive oontrols, specifically a shutter speed control and a diaphragm aperture control.

In achieving the results accomplished by the present invention a cam is operably connected to the shutter speed control. The control is moved from an automatic, or program, position through a range of manually controlled positions. The cam is also operably connected to the measuring mechanism of the built-in exposure meter to locate the measuring mechanism in accordance with the position of the shutter speed control. Therefore, when the shutter speed control is moved to a position other than the program position, the consequent movement of the cam is transmitted to the measuring mechanism and adjusts its operation. The measuring mechanism remains linked to means for controlling the aperture of the diaphragm.

However, in View of the fact that the operation of the measuring mechanism may be changed by means of the cam connecting it to the shutter speed control, a given amount of light will no longer cause the exposure meter to move the aperture control means to produce the same size aperture as would otherwise have been produced if the shutter speed control were in its program position. Instead, the aperture control means will be forced to adjust the aperture to a different size as requ-ired by the manually set shutter speed control.

The cam which connects the shutter speed control to the measuring mechanism of the exposure meter comprises several different sections. One section is associated with the manually set range of exposure times, or shutter speeds. Another section is associated with the program position of the shutter speed control. A third section corresponds to the difference between the manually set shutter speed control range and the program position. The foregoing construction provides important advantages. For example, the size, shape, or relative development of the operating ranges for the automatic program exposure system of the camera of the present invention are entirely different from the corresponding factors for the manual shutter speed setting. Thereby it is possible to associate the shutter speed range with any number of different shutter speeds, including low speeds, or long exposure times, which are not encompassed by the automatic program of shutter speeds and diaphragm openings. Furthermore, the arrangement of the cam makes it possible to select, more or less at will, the transitional section of the cam and the distance between the manual shutter speed range and the program setting position, and also the particular shutter speed 'adjacent to the program setting position. Moreover the use of a cam for the aforementioned purpose provides a simple and inexpensive structure which is controlled only by the usual setting members.

The invention also includes simplified means for adjusting the operation of the shutter speed and diaphragm aperture in accordance with the film sensitivity not only when the camera is being operated fully automatically but also when it is being operated by manual control and with the diaphragm aperture control linked to the exposure meter. As a result, the settings both of the shutter speed and of the film sensitivity setting member are accurately transmitted to the exposure meter using an inexpensive structure based on simple cam and cam follower means. In accordance with the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned cam used to adjust the position of the measuring mechanism of the exposure meter may be formed on the surface of a ring which is rotatably connected to the shutter speed control mechanism and is secured against axial displacement on another ring. The latter ring is connected to the film sensitivity control member to be rotated thereby and is arranged to be axially displaced during such rotation by means of a cam control structure on the second ring and on a fixed bearing cylinder. Such structure may constitute, for example, a multiple thread.

The two rings may be arranged so that the cam ring is radially guided on the second ring, with both rings positively connected to each other in the axial direction. This makes it possible to obtain a comparatively long axial adjusting path for the two rings, even with a relatively short yiixed bearing cylinder.

In the drawing a camera release, or shutter trigger, 1 can be moved against the action of a compression spring 2 and is guided in a camera housing, which has not been shown for clarification purposes. A sensing member or feeler 3 is operatively connected to the trigger to engage a movable part 4 of an exposure meter which is installed in the camera and fed by the current of a photo-electric cell 5.v

The sensing member 3 is in the form of a slide which is movable parallel to the shutter trigger 1 and is held against a collar 1a of the camera release 1 by means of a spring 6. The spring 6 is somewhat weaker than the spring 2 associated with the camera release 1, so that when the release is not actuated, the sensing member assumes its uppermost position, as shown in the drawing. For cooperation with the movable meter part 4, the sensing member 3 has a stepped edge 3a, `one of the steps of which `engages a pointer 7 of the movable meter part upon depression of the shutter trigger 1. Under the action of the spring 6 the stepped edge 3a presses the pointer 7 against av stationary bar 8.

A collar 1b is provided on the trigger 1 which cooperates with a double-armed release lever 10 pivotally mounted on a stationary pin 9. One arm 10a of the release :lever is bent at a right angle and lies in the path of move- `ment of the collar 1b of the camera release, while a second arm 10b cooperates with a bent lug 11a of a locking lever 11. The lever 11 is pivotally supported by a stationary pin 12 and is held by a spring 13 against the arm V10b of the release lever 10. The lever 11 holds a main drive disc 15 of the shutter, which is resiliently biased by a drive spring 14, in the cocked position shown in the drawing. The disc 15 is arranged on a cocking shaft 16 which in its turn is connected with a well-known cocking device, such as the ilm transport mechanism of the camera. Y

The drive disc 15 actuates a shutter blade ring 17, and for this purpose, a pin 18 extends from the disc 15 and pivotally supports a drive paWl 19 which is biased by a spring 20 and acts by means of a notch 19a on a pin 21 of the shutter blade ring 17. The shutter blades 22,

only one of which is shown for clarification purposes, are

supported on pins 23 on the ring 17 and are guided by ystationary pins 24 which extend through slots 22a. These felements operate in such a manner that, upon rotation of the drive disc 15 counter-clockwise, the shutter blades 22 are given a reciprocating movement for the opening and closing of the shutter.

Coaxial with the shutter blade ring 17, but axially spaced therefrom, is a diaphragm-actuating ring 25. It bears supporting pins 26 for diaphragm blades 28 which are guided by means of stationary pins 27 that eng-age slots 28a, a spring 290 resiliently biases the ring 25 in its starting position, which corresponds to the largest aperture.

To permit pictures to be taken with either automatic and non-automatic adjustment of the aperture, the camera has a diaphragm aperture control ring 29 which can be set t-o an AUTO (automatic) position and a MAN (manual or non-automatic) range. If the ring is in AUTO position, as shown in the drawing, the diaphragm actuating ring 25 is coupled in a manner which will be described in further detail below with the sensing member 3, and the setting of the diaphragm aperture takes place as a function of the position of the movable part 4 of the exposure meter. On the other hand, within the range marked MAN, the diaphragm is adjusted manually by means of a cam surface 29a which is formed on the ring 29 and acts on the diaphragm-actuating ring 25. The desired aperture can be set manually by reference to an aperture scale 30, which is provided on the ring 29, and a stationary mark 31.

The camera also has a shutter speed setting ring 32 which can be set by reference to an exposure time scale 33 associated with it in conjunction with a stationary mark 34. Another adjustment position P (program) is provided adjacent the shutter speed range of the scale 33 on the ring 32. When the diaphragm aperture control 29 is also set to its AUTO position, an automatic adjustment of the exposure to a predetermined shutter speed aperture program is obtained as a function of the intensity of the illumination. In this way, with a camera and shutter mechanism of the type deiined, it is possible in a simple, clear manner to take photographs in any of three modes: with manual exposure adjustment, with automatic .aperture setting and manual setting of the shutter speed or with completely automatic exposure setting, or program setting.

For the automatic setting of the predetermined shutter speed aperture program, there is provided a rotatably mounted ring 35, hereinafter termed the program setting ring, which is connected to the sensing member 3 ina manner described later. The ring 35 has a cam surface 35b which, when the shutter speed setting ring 32 is set to the position program, determines the setting of a shutter speed escapement mechanism, as is described in detail hereinafter. Another cam surface 35C on the ring 35 acts on the diaphragm-actuating ring 25 and thus sets the aperture in case of a completely automatic exposure. The cam surfaces 35b and 35C can, for instance, be so developed that shutter speed-aperture combinations of from 1/30 second and an aperture of 2.8 up to 1600 second and an aperture of 22 can be set.

The shutter speed escapement mechanism itself cons1sts of a supporting plate 36 on which a double-armed lever 38 is supported around the pin 37. The two arms of this lever are provided with pins 39 and 40 which extend in opposite directions. An escapement brake lever 41 which cooperates with the drive disc 15 of the shutter and which is provided with a slot guide 41a is pivotally supported on the pin 39. A pin 42 engages the slot guide 41a and is fastened to a toothed segment 43 which is in engagement with other parts of the escapement. The segment 43 is pivotally mounted on a supporting pin 44 of the plate 36 and is under the action of a spring 45 which biases the escapement mechanism in the starting position shown in the drawing. The position depicted is associated with the slowest shutter speed, and is the position in which the pin 42 is against the plate 36. i

The group of gears of the escapement mechanism, indicated by the dash-and-dot line, meshes with gear ysegment 43. rlhis group of gears has, as its end member,

an anchor wheel 101 which is positioned on a shaft 100 and with which a disconnectible escapement anchor 102 co-operates. The latter is pivotally mounted on a control lever 103, which is positioned on an axis 104 of the plate 36 and is urged in the counterclockwise direction by a spring 105. In addition, the control lever 103 -carries a pin 106 which engages into a control slot 32k of the shutter speed setting ring 32. This slot is formed in such a manner that the escapement anchor 102 is disconnected whenever the shutter speed setting ring 32 is set to its program position or to any of the speeds from 1/30 second to %00 second in its manual range of positions. However, when the shutter speed setting ring is set for exposure times longer than 1/30 second, the escapement anchor 102 comes into engagement with the anchor wheel 101, thereby correspondingly increasing the delaying effect of the escapement mechanism.

Different shutter speeds are obtained by means of the escapement mechanism 'by setting the brake lever 41 in different relative positions with respect to the lug 15a of the drive disc 15. The effect of doing so is that, as the drive disc 15 rotates, its lug 15a cooperates over a shorter or longer distance with the brake lever. The drive disc swings the lever 41 around the pin 39 and, after moving over a length of path which determines the 4duration of the exposure, passes out of engagement with the lever.

For setting the brake lever 41 when taking photographs with automatic program exposure, there is used, as already mentioned, the cam surface 35b which is located on the program setting ring 35 and acts on the carrier lever 38 of the brake lever 41. Between the cam surface 35b and the lever 38 is a transmission device which comprises, inter alia, a shaft 46 to one end of which is fastened a lever 47 that cooperates with the pin 40 of the lever 38. On the other end of the shaft is a lever v48 with a pin 49 that acts on the cam surface 35b`.

The setting of the aperture is effected, in the case of pictures taken with automatic program exposure, by means of the cam surface 35C located on the program setting member 35, which cam surface cooperates with the diaphragm-actuating ring '25. Between the cam surface 35C and the ring 25 is inserted a transmission device which comprises a lever 51. This lever is pivotally supported Von a pin 52 and has an arm 51a against which a pin 53 of the diaphragm-actuating ring 25 rests by virtue of pressure of the spring 290. The other arms 51b and 51C of the lever bear pins 54 and 55, respectively, the pin 54 lcooperating with the cam surface 35C, while the pin 55 produces the connection with the cam surface 29a of the selector ring 29.

Shifting the shutter speed setting ring 32 from the program position to the shutter speed range marked by the scale 33 results not only in disconnecting the control surface 35b from the shutter speed escapement mechanism, but also in eliminating the control of the cam surface 35C from the 4diaphragm-actuating ring 25. This is eifected by bringing into operation a cam surface 56a which, when the selector ring 29 is set at AUTO brings about the automatic setting of the aperture. The

'cam surface 56a is on a ring 56 which is connected by means of an arm 56C to the sensing member 3 and is referred to hereinbelow as the automatic aperture setting ring. It cooperates with the pin 54 of the transmission lever 51.

When the shutter speed setting ring 32 is moved from its program setting, the program setting member 35 is held fastby means of a locking device in the starting position shown in the drawing. In this position the cam surface 35C is outside the path of movement of the pin 54. The locking device comprises a locking lever 58 which is fastened on a shaft 57 and cooperates with a projection 35d of the pro-gram setting member 35. A lever 59, which engages, by means of a pin 60, in the control slot 32e of the shutter speed setting ring 32, is

6 also provided on the shaft 57. When the shutter speed setting ring 32 is moved to its manual range 33 the lever 58 rotates counterclockwise from the position shown in the drawing so that it intercepts the projection 35d and holds the program setting member 35 from moving.

If the shutter speed setting ring 32 is in the program position, the ring 56 will be connected with the program Isetting ring 35. The connection between the two rings is produced by a lever 61 which is supported on ring 35 around pin 62 and is urged in the counterclockwise direction by a spring 630. For cooperation with the ring 35 the lever 61 has a projection 61a which can be brought into engagement with a notch 56d on vthe ring 56. Movement of the projection 61a into and out of engagement with the recess 56d is effected in the example shown by an arm 58a bent at an angle from the locking lever 58 and extending into the path of movement of the lever 61.

If the shutter speed setting ring 32 is set on its manual range 33, the connection between the rings 56 and 35 is interrupted and the ring 35 is locked in its starting position. When the ring 32 is set to the program position, the locking lever 58, on the other hand, releases the ring 35 and the lever 61 at the same time so that the latter can snap, under the action of its spring 630, into the recess 56d and thus produce the desired connection between the rings 56 and 35.

With the ring 56, there is also associated a locking lever 65, the purpose of which is to hold the ring 56 as well as the sensing member 3 in their initial positions shown in the `drawing in case of non-automatic adjustment of the aperture by means of the selector ring 29, and in this Way exclude their control action on the diaphragm actuating ring 25. The lever 65 is pivotally supported on a pin 66 and its arms 65a cooperates with the projection 56e of the automatic aperture setting ring 56. The other arm 65b of the lever bears a pin 67 which, because of the force of a spring 68, rests against the inner periphery of the selector ring 29. When the selector ring is in its AUTO position, the highest position of the cam surface 29a is opposite the pin 67 and holds the locking lever 65 in the inactive position shown in the drawing in opposition to the spring action. If the ring 29, on the other hand, s turned to its MAN range, the pin 67 passes into the region of the lower peripheral portion 29b of the ring 29. The resultant swing movement of the lever 65 brings the arm 65a of said lever into the path of motion of the projection 56e of the automatic aperture setting ring 56 and locks the latter against clockwise movement. The cam surface 29a of the selector ring 29 now controls the setting of the aperture via the pin 55 and the lever 51 on the diaphragm actuating ring 25.

In case of exposures with automatic setting of the diaphragm or of shutter speed and diaphragm, the different settings of the shutter speed setting ring 32 can be taken into consideration by making the carrier for the movable measurin-g-mechanism member of the exposure meter rotatable in response to the adjusting motion of the ring 32, thereby causing a change in the relativel position of the movable measuring-mechanism member. Heretofore, the connection between the shutter speed setting ring and the measuring mechanism carrier has been established by means of a gear drive. However, this has had the effect that the particular shutter speed of the shutter speed range adjoining, or proximal to the program setting position of the shutter `speed setting member has been required to correspond to the shutter speed associated with the starting position of the program setting member, in which case the distance between the program setting position and the particular shutter speed of the shutter speed range has been adjusted by a corresponding reciprocal displacement of the cams 35C and 56a. Consequently, the cooperable connection between the shutter speed setting member and the measuring-mechanism carrier of the exposure meter, as provided heretofore, has prevented ilexibility and freedom of choice with respect to the arrangement of the shutter speed range, especially the introduction of shutter speeds resulting in exposures longer than J/30 sec., as well as with respect to the relative arrangement of the program setting position and of the manual range.

The present invention overcomes these restrictions by means of a cam ring 107, which is connected to the shutter speed setting ring 32 and which permits the position of the measuring mechanism of the exposure ymeter to be varied according to the setting of the shutter speed setting member. The cam ring 107 has a cam 107b which includes a first section 107a associated with the manual range 33 of the shutter speed setting ring 32, a second section 107e associated with the program setting position, and a third section 107b corresponding to the distance between the manual range and the program setting position.

Owing to this arrangement, a shutter speed range of any size and arrangement desired can be associated with the shutter speed setting member 32; likewise, the relative arrangement of the manual range and of the program setting position can be selected at will.

In the embodiment, the cam 107d is developed on the front face of the ring 107 which is arranged coaxially with the shutter speed setting ring 32 and is rotatably drivingly connected to the latter. The connection is effected by an arm 32m which extends axially from the shutter speed setting ring 32 and which has a forked end 321i that embraces a pin 108 on the ring 107. The earn sections 7a, 1071i and 107C are located on the cam 10761. Of these cam sections, the first is a uniformly sloping section 107a associated with the manual range of the scale 33, while the section 107C corresponds to the program setting position of the shutter speed setting ring 32. Located between the-se two sections is the third section 107b, which corresponds to the distance between the manual range, and particularly the proximal portion thereof, and the Program setting position. As is apparent, the scale 33 of the shutter speed range in the embodiment shown comprises exposure times from 1 sec. to 1500 sec., the last-named time being followed by the program setting position of the shutter speed setting ring 32, whereas, in the program setting position, the shutter speed of 1/30 sec. is fed into the exposure meter by means of the cam section 107e. The bridging between 1/30 sec. of the program" setting position and 2%00 sec. of the manual range on the cam is brought about by means of the comparatively steep section 107b. Appropriate shaping of the last-named section makes it possible to connect the program setting position to practically every shutter speed of the shutter speed range and, in addition, to select at will the relative arrangement of the shutter speed range and of the program setting position on the shutter speed setting ring 32. This ensures maximurn flexibility and freedom of choice as regards the arrangement and the extent of the shutter `speed range as well as the location of the program setting position. The position of the cam 107d is sensed by means of cam follower comprising an axially displaceable pin 109 and is transmitted to the rotatable carrier 110 of the measuring mechanism 4 of the exposure meter. The carrier 110 has an axle 111, on which a lever 112 is xed, which is held against the free end of the pin 109 by means of a spring 113.

The position of the measuring mechanism of the exposure meter may also be inuenced by the cam 107d in another manner. For example, the cam may actuate a shading device of a known kind arranged in front of the photocell 5 of the exposure meter or a variable resistance connected in the circuit of the light-intensity measuring device.

In order to make allowance for the sensitivity of the film which is being used, the invention further provides 8. for the arrangement of a ring 114 which is coaxial with the ring 107 carrying the cam 107d and which is rotatable in response to the setting motion of a film sensitivity setting ring 115 and, upon being rotated, is displaceable in an axial direction by means of a cam control `device on the ring 114 and on a lixed bearing cylinder. The ring 107 is freely rotatable with respect to the ring 114 and is axially displaceable by the same amount as ring 114 in response to the axial motion of the latter.

The cam control device for the ring 114 used in the present embodiment is a multiple thread on the lateral wall of the shutter housing 116 and on the inner circumference of the ring 114. The ring itself has a radially extending arm 114a with a forked end 114b which engages an arm 115a extending from the film ysensitivity setting ring 115. The ring 114 also comprises a collar or ange 114e which engages the ring 107 carrying the cam 107d, due to the action of the spring 113. For the purpose of setting the lm sensitivity, the ring 115 can be set with reference to a xed indicator mark 118 by means of a lrn sensitivity scale 117 arranged on the ring 115. When this setting is effected, the ring 114 is rotated and is simultaneously displaced in axial direction by means of the cam control device. This axial ldisplacement is transmitted by way of the collar 114C of the ring 114` to the cam carrying ring 107, thereby bringing about an adjustment of the measuring mechanism 4 of the exposure meter in accordance with the settings of the rings 115 and 32.

Between the rings 29 yand 32, there is an alternate lock which permits the selector ring 29 to shift from AUTO position to MAN position and, on the other hand, permits the shutter speed setting ring 32 to shift from the manual shutter speed range to the program position only when the shutter speed setting ring is within the Shutter speed range and the selector ring is in the automatic position respectively. The lockk comprises two locking levers 69 and 70 which are fastened to a rotatable shaft 71 and are biased in clockwise direction by a spring 72 attached to lever 69. The arm 70a of the lever 70 cooperates with a recess 29C in the periphery of the ring 29 and associated with the AUTO position of the rings, while the lever 69 acts on the shutter speed setting ring 32 and rests, via its arm 69a, against a surface 32d of the ring. The shape of this cam surface is such that in the program position of the shutter speed setting ring, the arm 70a of the lever 70 engages under the action of the spring 72 into the recess 29e of the ring 29 and thus prevents displacement of the ring from the AUTO position into the MAN range. If, on the other hand, the shutter speed setting ring 32 is set to the shutter speed range of the scale 33, the lever 69 is swung in counterclockwise direction by the cam surface 32d engaging a cam edge 69C of the lever arm 69a. This causes the .arm 70a of the lever 70 to be lifted out of the recess 29e of the ring 29 so that the ring 29 can now be` set on the range characterized by MAN Within this range, the arm 70a of the lever 70 rests against a peripheral portion 29d of the ring 29, while the arm 69h of the lever 69 is in the path of motion of an edge 32e of the shutter speed setting ring 32. In this way, the return of the shutter speed setting ring to the program position is not possible as long as the selector ring 29 is set at the MAN range. Release of the locking of the shutter speed setting ring in the shutter speed range eifected -by the arm 69b takes place when the selector ring 29 is moved into the AUTO position, whereupon the arm 70a of the lever 70 drops into the recess 29C of the ring 29 so that the arm 69h of the lever 69 is moved out of the range of the edge 32e.

In order to make B exposures, there is also associated with the shutter speed setting ring 29 a B setting position which is located on the lefthand end of the shutter speed scale 33. When the shutter speed setting ring is set at 13, a device known per se and which is not shown 9 in detail in order not to clutter the drawing, is connected to cooperate with a part of the shutter drive mechanism for instance with the main drive disc of the shutter, so that when a picture is taken, the disc 15 is held in a position corresponding to the open position of the shutter blades until the shutter trigger, or camera release 1, is again let go.

The setting of lthe shutter speed setting ring 32 to B is possible only when the aperture has been previously shifted by the selector ring 29 to manual adjustment. For this purpose, there is located on the shutter speed setting ring an edge 32]c which, when the shutter reaches the speed time of l second, strikes against the arm 69a of the lever 69 when the selector ring 29 is in AUTO position. If the selector ring 29 is now brought to MAN, the arm 70a of the lever 70 travels upward on the cam surface portion 29e by its cam edge 70C and turns the levers 70 and 69 counterclockwise. As a result, the arm 69a of the lever 69 is swung out of the path of the projection 32]c so that the B lock is removed. In addition, the arm 69b of the lever 69 dips beyond the edge 32e of the exposure time setting ring and thereby makes it impossible to put the setting back a program position, as long as the ring 29 is not set at AUTO position. If the shutter speed setting ring 32 is then set to B, the levers 69 and 70 are moved still farther in the counterclockwise direction by the cam edge 69C of the lever arm 69a adjoining the projection 32). This causes the arm 70b of the lever 70 to drop behind the edge 29d of the ring 29 with the result that the ring 29 cannot be turned to AUTO position as long as the shutter speed setting ring 32 is at B. Upon the two rings 29 and 32 being returned to AUTO and to program, respectively, the above described locking devices are accordingly released or raised again in reverse order.

The manner of action and operation of the camera in accordance with the invention is as follows:

The camera in the drawing is set to automatic exposure setting determined by the intensity of illumination and the lm speed set in accordance with a xed predetermined shutter speed aperture program, for which purpose the shutter speed setting ring 32 has been brought into the position P and the selector ring 29 into the position AUTO. If, with this setting of the camera, the trigger 1 is depressed to take a picture, the sensing member 3 follows this motion under the action of its spring 6 until one of the steps 3a comes against the meter pointer 7. Due to this movement of the sensing member, the program setting ring 35 is turned in clockwise direction. This, in its turn, forces the pin 49 of the lever 48, which -cooperates with the shutter speed escapement mechanism, to slide along the setting cam surface 35b of the ring 35 and to adjust the shutter speed according to the path traversed by displacement of the lever 38 and thus of the brake lever 41. At the same time, due to rotation of the ring 35, the aperture setting cam surface 35C also enters into action by swinging the transmission lever 51 in the counterclockwise direction by way of the pin 54. The lever 51, in its turn, brings the diaphragm actuating ring and the diaphragm blades 28, which are in operativeconnection with it, into a specific position which corresponds to the path traveled over by the ring 35. The automatic exposure setting in accordance with a fixed predetermined shutter speed/ aperture program is thus completedy and upon further depression of the release 1, the shutter is now released to take the picture.

As soon as the pressure on the release 1 is removed after the picture ha-s been taken, the sensing member 3 moves back again into its initial position under the action of the spring 2 acting on the release 1. The same is true of the ring which is also returned into the position shown in the drawing.

In order to take pictures with automatic diaphragm setting controlled by the exposure meter it is merely necessary to rotate the shutter speed setting ring 32 to place the desired shutter speed contained in scale 33 opposite the xed mark 34. This causes the braking lever 41 of the escapement mechanism to be set by the cam 32b and the pin 42 cooperating therewith. In addition, upon setting a longer exposure time than 3g() sec., the anchor escapement of the yshutter speed escapement mechanism comes into engagement with the anchor wheel 101. Moreover, a counterclockwise pivoting of the arresting lever 58 is eifected by means of the cam 32C of the exposure time setting ring in response to the setting of the shutter speed range, whereby the program setting ring 35 is locked in its starting position and, in addition, the connection established by the lever 61 between the program setting ring and the automatic diaphragm setting ring 56 is released.

After the shutter speed has been set, the release member 1 of the camera can be actuated so that only the ring 56 is adjusted by way of the sensing member 3. Owing to this operation, the cam 56a associated with the ring 56 becomes operative and pivots the transmission lever 51 in the counterclockwise direction by way of pin 54. This motion of the transmission lever causes the setting of the diaphragm blades 28 in the manner described above.

Finally, in order to be able to set the camera completely independently of the influence of the exposure meter i.e., to set both the shutter speed and the diaphragm manually, a diaphragm setting cam 29a, as well as a diaphragm setting scale 30 are associated with the diaphragm control ring 29, as described above. If, in addition to setting the exposure time manually, the photographer also wishes to set the diaphragm manually, he only needs to rotate the diaphragm control ring 29 from the AUTO position to the right, until the desired diaphragm value on the scale 30 is opposite the fixed mark 31. During this operation, the setting cam 29a of the diaphragm control ring acts on the pin 55 of the transmission lever 51 and rotates the lever counterclockwise about its axis 52. Owing to the positive connection between the lever 51 and the pin 53, the diaphragm actuating ring 25 is rotated clockwise, and the diaphragm blades 28 are thereby moved into a position corresponding to the desired diaphragm aperture value.

In case of non-automatic setting of the diaphragm, the arresting lever 65 is shifted to its operative position, so that, upon actuation of the camera release member 1, the sensing member 3 and the automatic diaphragm setting ring 56 connected thereto remain in the starting position (shown in the drawing), in which their control inuence on the diaphragm actuating ring 25 is eliminated.

While this invention has been described in terms of a single embodiment, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the true scope of the invention is not limited to this embodiment but is defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A photographic camera with a built-in exposure meter; a diaphragm having means defining an aperture of variable size; Ia diaphragm aperture control connected to said diaphragm and settable to an automatic position; means linking said meter to said diaphragm to govern the size of the aperture of said diaphragm invaccord'ance with the amount of light energizing said meter when said control is set to its automatic position; a variable speed shutter; a shutter speed control connected to said shutter 'and settable to a program position and to a manual range of positions; means linking said meter to said shutter when said shutter speed control is in its program position whereby the speed of shutter operation is automatically determined by the amount of light energizing said meter; a cam having a rst section corresponding to said manual range of positions of said shutter speed control, a second section corresponding to said program position, and a lthird section corresponding to the distance between said program position and the proximal portion of said manual range of positions of said shutter speed control; means linking said shutter speed control to said cam; and means connecting said cam to said meter to control the operation of the latter in accordance with the setting of said shutter speed control whereby said meter will control the `aperture of said diaphragm in accordance both with the amount of light reaching said meter and with the setting of said shutter speed control. A

2. A photographic camera with a built-in exposure meter; a diaphragm having means defining an aperture of variable size; a diaphnagm aperture control connected to said diaphragm rand settable to an automatic position and to a manual range of positions; means linking said meter to said diaphragm to control the size of the aperture thereof when said control is set to its automatic position; a variable speed shutter; a shutter speed control connected to s-aid shutter and settable to a program position and to a manual range of positions; means linking said meter to said shutter when said shutter speed control is in its program position to determine the shutter speed automatically in accordance with the amount of light energizing said meter; a cam having a iirst section corresponding to said manual range of positions of said shutter speed control, a second section corresponding to `said program position, and a third section corresponding to the distance between said program position and the proximal portion of said manual range of positions; means linking said shutter speed control to said cam to 4govern the position of said cam in accordance with the setting of sa-id shutter speed control; and cam follower means connecting said cam to said meter to control the operation of the latter in accordance with the setting of said shutter speed control whereby when said shutter speed control is in its program position and said diaphragm aperture control is in its automatic position, the size of the aperture of said diaphragm will be controlled directly by the amount of light energizing said meter, .and when said diaphragm aperture control is in its automatic posit-ion and said shutter speed control is in its manual range of positions, said meter will control the aperture of said diaphragm in accordance both `with the amount of light reaching said meter and with the setting of said shutter speed control.

3. A photographic camera with a built-in exposure meter; a diaphragm having means defining an aperture of variable size; a diaphragm aperture control connected to said diaphragm and settable to an automatic position; means linking said meter to said diaphragm to govern the size of the aperture 'of said diaphragm in accordance with the amount of light energizing said mete-r when said control is set to its automatic position; a variable speed shutter; a shutter speed control connected to said shutter and settable to a program7 position and to a 1n-anual range of positions; means linking said meter to said shutter when said shutter speed control is in its program posit-ion whereby the speed of shutter operation is automatically determined by the amount of light energizing said meter; a cam having a uniformly increasing section corresponding to said manual range of positions of said shutter speed control, a second section corresponding to said program position, and a third section corresponding to the distance between said program position and the proximal portion of said manual range of positions of said shutter speed control; means rotatably linking said shutter speed control to said cam to govern the position of said cam in accordance Wi-th the setting of said shutter speed control; and cam -follower means engaging said sections of said cam and being connected to said meter to control the operation of the latter in accordance with the setting of said shutter speed control whereby said meter will control the aperture of said diaphragm in accordance both with the amount of light reaching said meter and with the setting of said shutter speed control.

4. A photographic camera with a built-in exposure meter; a diaphragm having means deiining an aperture of variable size; a diaphragm aperture control connected to said diaphragm and settable to an automatic position; means linking said meter to said diaphragm to govern the size of the aperture of said diaphragm in accordance with the amount of light energizing said meter when said control is set to its automatic position; a variable speed shutter; a shutter speed control comprising `a ring connected to said shutter and settable to a program position and to a manual range of positions; means linking said meter to said shutter when said shutter speed control is in its program position whereby the speed of shutter operation is automatically determined by the amount of light energizing said meter; a cam ring comprising a first cam section corresponding to said manual range of positions of said shutter speed control ring, a second section corresponding to said program position, and a third section corresponding to the distance between said program position and the proximal end of said manual range of positions of said shutter speed control ring; means connecting said shutter speed control ring to said cam ring to rotate both of said rings simultaneously; and cam follower means engaging said cam sections to move in a predetermined direction as said 'rings -a-re rotated, said last-named means being connected to said meter to control the operation thereof in accordance with the setting of said shutter speed control; and means operatively connected to said cam ring to move the same in said predetermined direction by an amount corresponding to iilm sensitivity whereby said meter will control the aperture of said diaphragm in accordance with said film sensitivity and with both the amount of light reaching said rneter and the setting of said shut-ter speed control.

5. The invention according to claim 4 in which said last-named means comprises an additional ring connected to said cam ring to move axially therewith and a lm Asensitivity setting member connected to said additional ring to move the same axially.

6. The invention according to claim 5 comprising, in addition, a threaded fixed bearing cylinder and thread means on said additional ring engaging said threaded bearing cylinder to move said addition-a1 ring axially upon relative rotation of said additional ring and said threaded bearing cylinder.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,013,478 12/61 Gehele 95-10 3,065,683 1l/62l Gehele 95--10 3,071,054 l/63 Singer 95-10 NORTON ANSHER, Primary Examiner.

EMIL G. ANDERSON, Examiner. 

1. A PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA WITH A BUILT-IN EXPOSURE METER; A DIAPHRAGM HAVING MEANS DEFINING AN APERTURE OF VARIABLE SIZE; A DIAPHRAGM APERTURE CONTROL CONNECTED TO SAID DIAPHRAGM AND SETTABLE TO AN "AUTOMATIC" POSITION; MEANS LINKING SAID METER TO SAID DIAPHRAGM TO GOVERN THE SIZE OF THE APERTURE OF SAID DIAPHRAGM IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENERGIZING SAID METER WHEN SAID CONTROL IS SET TO ITS "AUTOMATIC" POSITION; A VARIABLE SPEED SHUTTER; A SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL CONNECTED TO SAID SHUTTER AND SETTABLE TO A "PROGRAM" POSITION AND TO A "MANUAL" RANGE OF POSITIONS; MEANS LINKING SAID METER TO SAID SHUTTER WHEN SAID SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL IS IN ITS "PROGRAM" POSITION WHEREBY THE SPEED OF SHUTTER OPERATION IS AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINED BY THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENERGIZING SAID METER; A CAM HAVING A FIRST SECTION CORRESPONDING TO SAID "MANUAL" RANGE OF POSITIONS OF SAID 